Accounting Rate of Return

April 13, 2006

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A fairly simple way of gauging your return on an investment in a major project or purchase is the accounting rate of return (ARR). The formula is:

Accounting Rate of Return =

Annual Cash Inflows - Depreciation

Initial Investment

For purposes of this formula, depreciation is calculated very simply, using the straight-line method:

Depreciation =

Cost - Salvage Value

Useful Life

As an example of how ARR works, let's say you're looking at equipment costing $7,500 that is expected to return roughly $2,000 per year for five years. After five years you'll sell the equipment for $500. The depreciation would be ($7,500 - $500) ÷ 5, or $1,400.

ARR =

$2,000 - $1,400

$7,500

= 8%

Using ARR can give you a quick estimate of the project's net profits, and can provide a basis for comparing several different projects. Under this method of analysis, returns for the project's entire useful life are considered (unlike the payback period method, which considers only the period it takes to recoup the original investment). However, the ARR method uses income data rather than cash flow and it completely ignores the time value of money. To get around this problem, you should also consider the net present value of the project, as well as its internal rate of return.